Meaning of Numbers 18:19

This verse from Numbers 18:19 establishes a foundational principle for the support of the Levitical priesthood, specifically the descendants of Aaron, by decreeing that a portion of the offerings made by the Israelites to the Lord would be a perpetual inheritance for them. This "setting aside" refers to the consecrated portions of sacrifices and tithes, which were not to be consumed by the general populace but were designated for those ministering in the sanctuary. The assurance of this provision as a "perpetual share" and an "everlasting covenant of salt" underscores the divine establishment and enduring nature of this arrangement, ensuring the Levites could dedicate themselves fully to their priestly duties without concern for their own sustenance, thus maintaining the sacred service of God for the entire Israelite community.

Context and Background

Numbers chapter 18 details the responsibilities and provisions for theítico tribe, particularly the priests who were descendants of Aaron. Following the census and organization of the tribes, God reiterates the special role of the Levites in serving the tabernacle and the people. This chapter addresses potential disputes and establishes clear boundaries between the priestly duties and those of the other Israelites. The context of verse 19 is God’s direct instruction to Aaron, outlining the portion of the sacred offerings that would sustain him and his lineage, thereby enabling their uninterrupted service to God.

Key Themes and Messages

• Divine Provision: The verse highlights God's direct and explicit provision for those who serve Him. This is not a matter of human generosity but a divine mandate.
• Perpetual Inheritance: The use of "perpetual share" and "everlasting covenant" signifies that this provision is permanent and guaranteed by God, intended to endure throughout Israel's history.
• Covenant of Salt: The "covenant of salt" is a significant idiom. Salt signifies permanence, preservation, and faithfulness. A covenant sealed with salt implied an unbreakable and enduring agreement, underscoring the divine commitment to this arrangement and the Levites' faithful service.
• Separation and Consecration: The offerings set aside were holy and not for common use, emphasizing the sacredness of the priestly role and the need for their separation unto God's service.

Spiritual Significance and Application

For believers today, this verse points to the principle that those who labor in spiritual service should be supported by the community they serve. While the Levitical system was a specific Old Testament arrangement, the underlying principle of supporting ministry remains relevant. It underscores the value God places on those dedicated to His service and the responsibility of the community to ensure their well-being, allowing them to focus on spiritual matters. It also reminds believers that God is a faithful provider, establishing lasting provisions for His people and His work.

Relation to the Broader Biblical Narrative

This verse is a crucial component of the establishment of the Mosaic Covenant and the organization of Israel as a nation. It integrates the divine mandate for worship and mediation with the practical necessities of supporting the priestly class. This provision for the Levites is a precursor to the New Testament concept of the church supporting its leaders and elders, as seen in passages like 1 Corinthians 9 and 1 Timothy 5. The concept of a divinely ordained support system for spiritual leaders is a consistent thread throughout Scripture.

Analogies

• A Foundation: The provisions for the Levites are like the bedrock upon which the entire structure of Israelite worship and communal life was built. Without their dedicated service, the system of atonement and communion with God would falter.
• A Perpetual Trust Fund: Imagine a trust fund established by a benevolent founder, specifically designated to support those who manage and maintain a vital institution, ensuring its continuous operation and the well-being of its caretakers. This trust is guaranteed and everlasting.
• The Roots of a Tree: The Levites, sustained by these offerings, are like the roots of a mighty tree, drawing nourishment to keep the entire tree alive and fruitful, allowing its branches (the people) to reach towards the heavens.

Relation to Other Verses

• Leviticus 27:30-32: This passage discusses the tithe, which was a significant portion of what was set aside for the Levites. It reinforces the concept of giving a tenth to God.
• Deuteronomy 18:1-8: Moses reiterates the rights and portions of the Levites, emphasizing their inheritance is the Lord Himself and the offerings.
• Malachi 3:8-10: This prophetic passage rebukes Israel for withholding tithes and offerings, demonstrating the continuing importance of supporting God's ministers and the blessings that come from faithful giving.
• 1 Corinthians 9:13-14: Paul draws a direct parallel between the Old Testament system of supporting temple workers and the New Testament principle of supporting those who preach the gospel, stating, "The Lord directed that those who proclaim the gospel should get their living from the gospel."