Meaning of John 19:39

This verse marks a pivotal moment in the narrative of Jesus' burial, highlighting the profound transformation of Nicodemus and the extraordinary care taken in preparing Jesus' body. Nicodemus, a prominent Pharisee and member of the Jewish ruling council, who had previously approached Jesus in secrecy and trepidation (John 3:1-21), now publicly participates in honoring Jesus' deceased body. This dramatic shift from clandestine encounter to public act of devotion underscores the powerful impact Jesus had, even in death, on those who sought Him out. The substantial quantity of myrrh and aloes, a costly and labor-intensive mixture typically used for embalming royalty or highly esteemed individuals, signifies the immense respect and honor Nicodemus, alongside Joseph of Arimathea, bestowed upon Jesus.

Context and Background

The immediate context is the crucifixion and subsequent burial of Jesus. Following Jesus' death on the cross, Joseph of Arimathea, another secret disciple, boldly approached Pilate to request Jesus' body (John 19:38). This verse introduces Nicodemus, who joins Joseph in this undertaking. Nicodemus' earlier nocturnal visit to Jesus (John 3) is crucial; it reveals his initial hesitation and likely fear of reprisal from his Pharisaical peers. His presence now, in broad daylight and in partnership with Joseph, demonstrates a significant overcoming of that fear and a public affirmation of his belief in Jesus. The sheer volume of myrrh and aloes (approximately 75 pounds) is noteworthy. This was not a casual gesture; it represented a significant financial outlay and considerable effort, indicating a deep reverence and desire to treat Jesus' body with the utmost dignity.

Key Themes and Messages

• Transformation and Courage: Nicodemus' journey from secretive inquirer to open supporter exemplifies personal transformation. His willingness to publicly associate with Jesus, even in death, speaks to a newfound courage and conviction.
• Dignity in Death: The elaborate burial preparations, particularly the generous use of spices, underscore the biblical emphasis on treating the deceased with respect, even in the context of a criminal's execution. For Jesus, this preparation also foreshadows His resurrection, as the spices would have preserved the body.
• The Significance of Discipleship: Both Joseph and Nicodemus, though previously hesitant or hidden disciples, step forward in crucial moments, demonstrating that discipleship can evolve and manifest in profound ways, even after a leader's earthly life has ended.
• Generosity and Sacrifice: The significant expenditure and effort involved in procuring and preparing the spices highlight a spirit of generosity and sacrifice in honoring Jesus.

Spiritual Significance and Application

This passage speaks to the potential for profound spiritual growth and change in individuals. Nicodemus' story is a powerful reminder that genuine belief can overcome fear and societal pressure. It encourages believers to move from passive or hidden faith to active and courageous witness. The act of lovingly preparing Jesus' body also points to the value and dignity of Jesus, even in His suffering and death. For believers today, this can be applied by recognizing the immense worth of Christ and by offering our time, resources, and devotion in His service, moving beyond superficial acknowledgment to deep, committed discipleship.

Relation to the Broader Biblical Narrative

This event is a direct fulfillment of Old Testament burial customs and prophecies concerning the Messiah. The meticulous preparation of Jesus' body aligns with the respect shown to significant figures in the Old Testament. Furthermore, the substantial use of spices for burial is evocative of the precious ointments used to anoint kings and priests, symbolically linking Jesus to His royal and priestly roles. The contrast between Jesus' humble birth and His royal burial preparation also adds a layer of theological richness. His death, while ignominious in the eyes of the world, is treated with regal honor by His followers, foreshadowing His ultimate exaltation.

Analogies

One analogy for Nicodemus' transformation is that of a seed buried in the ground. Initially, it is hidden and seemingly insignificant, but through the process of burial and nourishment, it germinates and ultimately produces fruit. Nicodemus' initial "burial" of his faith led to a blossoming of public devotion. Another analogy is that of a shy student who, after understanding a profound concept, gains the confidence to not only participate in class but to actively defend and explain the idea to others. The expensive spices can be likened to the precious gifts brought by the Magi to the infant Jesus; both represent the highest value offered in worship and recognition of divine personhood.

Relation to Other Verses

This verse directly connects to:

• John 3:1-21: This is the account of Nicodemus' initial, nighttime visit to Jesus, where the concept of being "born again" was introduced. The contrast between his furtive visit and his public act here is striking.
• John 19:38: This verse immediately precedes the mention of Nicodemus and introduces Joseph of Arimathea's request for Jesus' body. Nicodemus joins Joseph in this endeavor.
• Matthew 27:57-60 and Mark 15:42-46 and Luke 23:50-53: These parallel accounts in the Synoptic Gospels also describe Joseph of Arimathea and the burial of Jesus, though they do not mention Nicodemus' specific involvement with the spices.
• Isaiah 53:9: While not a direct prophecy about burial spices, this verse speaks of Jesus being "assigned a tomb with the wicked, and with the rich in his death," which is poetically fulfilled by the honorable burial provided by Joseph and Nicodemus, who were likely men of means.
• Song of Solomon 3:6: This verse describes a royal procession with "columns of smoke of incense, of myrrh and frankincense, from every merchant's spice." The substantial use of myrrh for Jesus' burial echoes the precious spices associated with honor and royalty in the Old Testament.