Meaning of 2 Corinthians 3:7

This verse, 2 Corinthians 3:7, introduces a crucial comparison between the Old Covenant, specifically the Mosaic Law, and the New Covenant established through Christ. Paul uses the glory associated with the giving of the Law on Mount Sinai as a point of departure to highlight the even greater glory of the New Covenant. The inscription of the Law on stone tablets, a tangible and permanent form, is described as having a glory so intense that Moses himself had to veil his face. This glory, however, is characterized as "transitory," implying that its radiance and impact were temporary, destined to fade as the covenant it represented was superseded. The purpose of this initial description is to establish a baseline of divine manifestation, setting the stage for Paul's argument that the ministry of the Spirit, which inaugurates the New Covenant, possesses a far more enduring and profound glory.

Context and Background

The immediate context for 2 Corinthians 3 is Paul's defense of his apostolic ministry against detractors within the Corinthian church. These critics likely questioned his authority and the legitimacy of his message, perhaps contrasting it with a perceived greater splendor associated with Judaism or other religious traditions. Paul counters by arguing that the glory of the Old Covenant, while real and divinely given, ultimately pointed towards a greater reality. The Law, delivered through Moses, was a covenant of judgment and condemnation, leading to death for those who failed to keep its stipulations perfectly. Its glory was a reflection of God's holiness and justice, but also of humanity's inability to meet its demands. The physical manifestation of this glory, seen on Moses' face, was a testament to the awesome power of God's pronouncements.

Key Themes and Messages

• The Glory of the Old Covenant: The verse emphasizes the undeniable glory associated with the Mosaic Law. This glory was a visible sign of God's presence and the divine origin of the Law. The inability of the Israelites to gaze directly at Moses' face underscores the awesome and somewhat fearsome nature of this covenant.
• Transience of the Old Covenant: The adjective "transitory" is critical. It signifies that the glory of the Old Covenant was not permanent. It served its purpose but was ultimately a prelude to something more complete and everlasting.
• Ministry of Death: Paul explicitly states that the ministry associated with this covenant "brought death." This refers to the Law's function as a revealer of sin and a catalyst for condemnation, as no one could perfectly fulfill its righteous demands.

Spiritual Significance and Application

The spiritual significance lies in understanding the limitations of the Law. While the Law revealed God's perfect standard and exposed human sinfulness, it offered no inherent means of salvation. Its glory was a reminder of our fallen state and the need for a mediator and a new way to approach God. For believers, this verse encourages a deep appreciation for the New Covenant in Christ. The temporary glory of the Law pales in comparison to the eternal glory of God's grace and forgiveness offered through Jesus. It calls for a discernment between the letter of the Law, which can condemn, and the Spirit of the New Covenant, which gives life.

Relation to the Broader Biblical Narrative

This passage is foundational to understanding the progression of God's redemptive plan. The Old Covenant, with its Law and sacrificial system, was a preparatory stage, a shadow of good things to come (Hebrews 10:1). It established the concept of covenant, holiness, and judgment. However, its inability to bring about true righteousness and reconciliation necessitated a new covenant. The New Covenant, promised in Jeremiah 31:31-34 and fulfilled in Christ, is characterized by the indwelling of the Holy Spirit, forgiveness of sins, and a transformed heart. The glory of the New Covenant, therefore, is not a fleeting external radiance but an internal, transformative power.

Analogies

The glory of the Old Covenant can be likened to the brilliant flash of lightning. It is powerful, awe-inspiring, and clearly indicates a divine presence, but it is fleeting and often precedes thunder, which signifies judgment. In contrast, the New Covenant's glory is like the steady, life-giving warmth of the sun. It is constant, pervasive, and essential for growth and sustenance. Another analogy is the difference between a detailed blueprint (the Law) and the completed, functioning building (the New Covenant in Christ). The blueprint is essential for construction and reveals the architect's design, but it is the finished structure that provides shelter and utility.

Relation to Other Verses

• Exodus 34:29-35: This passage describes Moses coming down from Mount Sinai with his face radiant, necessitating a veil. This is the direct historical event Paul is referencing.
• Romans 3:20: "For by works of the law no human being will be justified in his sight, since through the law comes knowledge of sin." This verse directly supports Paul's assertion that the Law reveals sin and leads to condemnation, not righteousness.
• Hebrews 8:6-13 and 10:1-18: These New Testament passages explicitly contrast the Old and New Covenants, highlighting the superiority and permanence of the latter, established on better promises and mediated by Christ.
• 2 Corinthians 3:17: "Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom." This verse directly follows the discussion of the Old Covenant's limitations and introduces the liberating power of the New Covenant through the Spirit.