Meaning of Exodus 39:7

Exodus 39:7 describes the placement of the memorial stones, the onyx stones engraved with the names of the twelve sons of Israel, onto the shoulder pieces of the high priest's ephod. These stones were not merely decorative; they served a vital function as a constant reminder before the Lord of the people whom the high priest represented. The act of fastening them "on the shoulder pieces" signifies the weight and responsibility the high priest carried, bearing the names and thus the identity of all Israel before God during his sacred duties. This detail underscores the profound connection between the priestly office and the entire covenant community, emphasizing that the priest ministered not for himself but as a representative mediator.

Context and Background

This verse is situated within the detailed account of the construction of the priestly garments, specifically the ephod, a richly ornamented vestment worn by the high priest. Chapters 35-39 of Exodus are dedicated to the Israelites' obedience in carrying out God's instructions for the Tabernacle and its furnishings. The ephod, described in detail, was to be made of blue, purple, scarlet yarn, and fine linen, intricately embroidered. A central feature of the ephod were its shoulder pieces, to which were attached two onyx stones. These stones were engraved with the names of the twelve tribes of Israel, six names on each stone, arranged chronologically by birth order.

Key Themes and Messages

• Representation and Mediation: The primary theme is the high priest's role as a representative of the people of Israel before God. The engraved names on the stones highlight that he carried their identity and their burdens in his service.
• Memorial and Remembrance: The stones are explicitly called "memorial stones." This signifies that the high priest's presence before God was to serve as a constant reminder of the people God had chosen and redeemed. God, in His sovereignty, commanded this remembrance, underscoring His covenant faithfulness.
• Divine Command and Obedience: The phrase "as the Lord commanded Moses" emphasizes the meticulous obedience required in all aspects of worship and service. Every detail of the Tabernacle and its accouterments, including these memorial stones, was dictated by God.

Spiritual Significance and Application

The memorial stones on the high priest's shoulders carry significant spiritual weight. They point to the ongoing need for mediation between a holy God and His people. In the Old Testament, the high priest, through his sacrificial duties and his bearing of Israel's names, foreshadowed the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ. Christ, in His perfect sacrifice, bears the names of all who believe in Him, not on physical stones, but in His very being and intercessory ministry before the Father. The application for believers today is the assurance that they are eternally remembered and represented before God by Christ, their High Priest.

Relation to the Broader Biblical Narrative

This practice directly anticipates the New Testament revelation of Jesus Christ as the High Priest of a new covenant. Hebrews extensively discusses Christ's superior priesthood, contrasting it with the Levitical priesthood. The author of Hebrews explicitly draws parallels, noting that earthly priests were appointed from among men and offered gifts and sacrifices, but Christ, the Son of God, is the perfect High Priest who offered Himself as the once-for-all sacrifice. The memorial stones serve as an early testament to the concept of God's people being "carried" by their mediator before Him.

Analogies

One analogy to understand the memorial stones is that of a family crest or a national flag. These symbols represent an entire group of people, identifying them and signifying their collective existence and heritage. Similarly, the names on the stones represented the entire nation of Israel, ensuring their presence in the divine presence. Another analogy could be a lawyer carrying the case files of all their clients into court; the files represent the individuals and their concerns, which the lawyer advocates for.

Relation to Other Verses

• Exodus 28:12: "And you shall lay the two stones on the shoulder pieces of the ephod, to be stones of memorial for the sons of Israel, on the shoulders of Aaron, that he may bear the names of the sons of Israel before the Lord as memorial stones." This verse immediately precedes the one in question and provides the direct instruction for placing the stones.
• Hebrews 4:14-16: "Since then we have a great high priest who has passed through the heavens, Jesus, the Son of God, let us hold fast to our confession. For we do not have a high priest who is unable to sympathize with our weaknesses, but one who in every respect has been tempted as we are, yet without sin. Let us then with confidence draw near to the throne of grace, that we may receive mercy and find grace to help in time of need." This passage highlights Christ's role as our High Priest, who intercedes for us.
• Isaiah 49:16: "Behold, I have inscribed you on the palms of my hands; your walls are continually before me." This prophetic declaration by God to Israel illustrates a profound intimacy and remembrance, similar to the high priest bearing the names on his shoulders.