Meaning of Deuteronomy 5:16

Deuteronomy 5:16 reiterates the divine commandment to honor one's father and mother, placing it within the framework of God's covenant with Israel and linking it directly to the promise of a long and prosperous life in the land God is providing. This is not merely a social convention but a fundamental aspect of the covenant relationship, reflecting an understanding that respect for parental authority is intrinsically tied to respect for God's authority and the proper ordering of society. The "honor" commanded encompasses more than just outward respect; it implies a deep-seated regard, obedience, and provision for parents, acknowledging their role as God's instruments in bringing life and nurturing it. The consequence of obedience – a long and good life – underscores the divinely ordained benefits of upholding this commandment, suggesting that a society that honors its foundational relationships will flourish.

Context and Background

This verse appears within the Decalogue, the Ten Commandments, as Moses recounts God's laws to the new generation of Israelites before they enter the Promised Land. It is the fifth commandment, following those that establish the relationship with God (commandments 1-4) and preceding those that govern interpersonal relationships (commandments 6-10). This placement highlights the foundational nature of honoring parents, bridging the divine and human spheres. The commandment is first given in Exodus 20:12, but Deuteronomy 5 emphasizes its enduring relevance and its connection to the covenant blessings. The Israelites were on the cusp of inheriting a land, and their ability to thrive there was contingent upon their adherence to God's entire covenant, of which this commandment was a vital part.

Key Themes and Messages

• Divine Authority: The commandment originates from "the Lord your God," emphasizing its divine sanction. Disobedience is not just a familial offense but a transgression against God.
• Intergenerational Respect: The core message is the profound importance of respecting and caring for parents. This respect is reciprocal: God established parents as authority figures, and He expects children to honor them.
• Covenantal Blessing: The promise of a "long life" and things "going well" signifies divine favor and prosperity, not as an automatic guarantee but as a consequence of faithfulness to God's commands within the covenant. This longevity and well-being are tied to the stability and flourishing of the community.
• Foundational Relationship: Honoring parents is presented as a cornerstone of a healthy society and a reflection of a right relationship with God.

Spiritual Significance and Application

Spiritually, honoring parents reflects an understanding of God's delegated authority. Parents are often the first authority figures through whom a child learns about rules, consequences, and love. Disrespecting parents can cultivate a spirit of rebellion that extends to God. Conversely, honoring them fosters humility, gratitude, and an openness to guidance, qualities essential for spiritual growth. The application extends beyond biological parents to include all those in positions of authority ordained by God, such as church leaders, civil authorities, and mentors, though the primary and most direct application is to one's own parents.

Relation to the Broader Biblical Narrative

The principle of honoring parents is woven throughout Scripture. It signifies the establishment of a stable family unit, which is the bedrock of God's people. This commandment anticipates the New Testament teaching where Jesus affirms the importance of this commandment (Matthew 15:4-6) and the apostles expound on it (Ephesians 6:1-3, Colossians 3:20). The concept of God as Father and humanity as His children also draws a parallel, suggesting that the honor we owe our earthly fathers is a shadow of the honor and reverence we owe our heavenly Father. The continuity of this commandment underscores its timeless importance in God's plan for human flourishing.

Analogies

One analogy is that of a building's foundation. The family, with parents at its core, is the foundation upon which the larger structure of society is built. If the foundation is weak or disrespected, the entire building is compromised. Another analogy is that of a tree's roots. Healthy roots (parents) are essential for a tree (individual and society) to grow tall and bear fruit (long and good life). Neglecting or disrespecting the roots ultimately weakens the entire organism.

Relation to Other Verses

• Exodus 20:12: This is the original pronouncement of the commandment, providing the foundational text.
• Matthew 15:4-6: Jesus rebukes the Pharisees for their traditions that nullify the commandment to honor parents, demonstrating its continued importance and the danger of traditions that undermine it.
• Ephesians 6:1-3: Paul directly quotes Deuteronomy 5:16 and Exodus 20:12, applying it to Christian children and noting that the promise of "long life on the earth" is the first commandment with a promise, emphasizing its significance.
• Colossians 3:20: This verse also instructs children to obey their parents in everything, for this pleases the Lord, reinforcing the spiritual dimension of this obedience.