Meaning of Matthew 27:35

This verse describes a somber and deeply symbolic moment immediately following Jesus' crucifixion, highlighting the callous indifference of the Roman soldiers to the humanity of the man they had just executed. The act of dividing Jesus' garments by casting lots was a common practice for Roman soldiers when executing criminals, serving as a form of payment or spoils of war. However, in this specific instance, it carries profound theological weight, fulfilling prophecy and underscoring Jesus' utter dispossession and the divine orchestration even in His suffering. The soldiers' focus on material gain stands in stark contrast to the immeasurable spiritual value of the person they are putting to death, a contrast that resonates throughout the Gospel narrative.

Context and Background

The crucifixion of Jesus occurred outside the city of Jerusalem at Golgotha. This was a brutal and public form of execution reserved for the worst offenders, including rebels and common criminals. Following the execution, it was customary for the soldiers to take possession of the condemned person's belongings as their payment. In Jesus' case, this included his garments. The method of division—casting lots—was a random means of determining ownership, emphasizing the soldiers' detachment and the impersonal nature of the act from their perspective.

Key Themes and Messages

• Fulfillment of Prophecy: This act directly fulfills Psalm 22:18, which prophesies, "They divide my garments among them, and for my clothing they cast lots." This demonstrates that Jesus' suffering was not a random tragedy but part of God's predetermined plan, foretold by the prophets.
• Jesus' Poverty and Dispossession: By the time of His crucifixion, Jesus had lived a life of humility and often had no possessions of His own (Matthew 8:20). His death strips Him of even the few material things He might have had, emphasizing His complete surrender and identification with the poor and suffering.
• Indifference of the World: The soldiers' mundane act of dividing spoils highlights the world's lack of understanding and appreciation for Jesus' divine identity and mission. They saw Him as just another criminal, not the Son of God.
• Divine Sovereignty in Suffering: Despite the human cruelty and randomness of the soldiers' actions, the casting of lots is presented as a divinely appointed means to fulfill ancient prophecy, illustrating God's overarching control even in the midst of immense suffering.

Spiritual Significance and Application

The spiritual significance lies in recognizing that even in the most agonizing and seemingly chaotic human events, God's purposes are being worked out. For believers, this verse encourages trust in God's providence, even when circumstances are bleak. It also calls for a reflection on our own material possessions and attachments, prompting us to consider if our pursuit of worldly goods blinds us to the spiritual realities and the needs of others. Jesus' dispossession can inspire a spirit of detachment from material wealth and a greater focus on heavenly treasures.

Relation to the Broader Biblical Narrative

This event is a critical juncture in the overarching biblical narrative of redemption. It is the climax of Jesus' earthly ministry, the ultimate sacrifice offered for humanity's sins. The fulfillment of prophecy here reinforces the credibility of the entire Old Testament as a testament to God's faithfulness and His plan for salvation, which culminates in the person and work of Jesus Christ. The dispossession of Jesus at His death contrasts with His ultimate glorification and the abundant life He offers to believers.

Analogies

One analogy is a king being deposed and stripped of his royal regalia by his enemies. While the enemies see only the spoils of their victory, the true worth of the king is not diminished by the loss of his garments; his inherent royalty and authority remain. Another analogy could be a priceless artifact being carelessly handled by those who do not comprehend its value, their focus solely on its material components rather than its historical and artistic significance.

Relation to Other Verses

• Psalm 22:18: As mentioned, this is a direct prophecy fulfilled by this event, connecting the Old Testament to the New.
• John 19:23-24: The Gospel of John also records this event, explicitly stating the soldiers' rationale for not tearing the tunic because it was seamless, and thus they cast lots for it, further emphasizing the fulfillment of prophecy.
• Philippians 2:7: This verse speaks of Jesus emptying himself, taking the form of a servant, and being made in human likeness. His dispossession at the cross is a physical manifestation of this kenotic (self-emptying) act.
• 1 Peter 2:24: "He himself bore our sins in his body on the cross, that we might die to sin and live to righteousness. By his wounds you have been healed." This verse connects Jesus' suffering and death, including the indignity of His crucifixion, directly to our salvation.