Meaning of Matthew 19:5

This verse, quoted by Jesus from Genesis 2:24, establishes the foundational principle of marriage as a divine institution characterized by profound unity and a reordering of primary human relationships. It asserts that upon entering into marriage, a man's allegiance shifts from his parental family to his spouse, creating a new, singular unit. This "one flesh" union signifies a complete merging of lives, encompassing physical, emotional, and spiritual dimensions, superseding even the pre-existing bonds of filial duty. The emphasis is on the deliberate and decisive act of leaving and cleaving, highlighting the intentionality required for the establishment of this sacred covenant.

Context and Background

Jesus is responding to a question posed by the Pharisees concerning the permissibility of divorce, a topic they raised to test him (Matthew 19:3). Their question, "Is it lawful to divorce one's wife for any cause?" (Matthew 19:3), reflects a prevailing debate in Jewish society, with differing interpretations of the Mosaic Law, particularly Deuteronomy 24:1-4. Jesus, in his answer, immediately draws upon the creation account in Genesis, asserting that the original divine intention for marriage predates and transcends the regulations concerning divorce introduced later in the Law. By referencing Genesis 2:24, Jesus anchors his teaching on marriage in God's original design at the creation of humanity, thereby establishing its permanence and sacredness.

Key Themes and Messages

The primary themes are divine institution, unity, and covenant. Jesus emphasizes that marriage is not merely a human social contract but a divine ordinance established by God from the beginning. The concept of becoming "one flesh" is central, illustrating a deep and inseparable union that transcends individual identities. This unity implies a mutual commitment, sacrifice, and shared life where the spouses function as a single entity. The act of "leaving" and "cleaving" underscores the seriousness and exclusivity of the marital bond, signifying a permanent commitment to one another above all other earthly relationships.

Spiritual Significance and Application

Spiritually, this verse speaks to the profound intimacy and commitment God intends for married couples. The "one flesh" union is a powerful earthly metaphor for the spiritual union believers have with Christ, who is described as the bridegroom and the church as his bride (Ephesians 5:22-32). For individuals, it calls for a radical prioritization of the marital relationship, involving selfless devotion and a willingness to forge a new, unified identity. It also highlights the sacredness of the marital covenant, suggesting that it is a reflection of God's faithfulness and commitment.

Relation to the Broader Biblical Narrative

This verse is a cornerstone in understanding God's plan for human relationships. It initiates the narrative of family structure and procreation, which is central to God's covenantal dealings with humanity. From the patriarchal families in Genesis to the imagery of Christ and the Church, marriage serves as a recurring and significant motif. The creation ordinance in Genesis 2, as reiterated by Jesus, sets the standard against which all subsequent marital practices and discussions about divorce are measured. It underscores God's desire for order, companionship, and the flourishing of humanity through the family unit.

Analogies

One analogy for the "one flesh" union is that of two trees planted so closely together that their roots intertwine and become one. Over time, it becomes impossible to separate them without causing irreparable damage to both. Another analogy is that of two streams merging to form a single river, carrying the waters of both into a new, unified course. This illustrates the blending of individual lives into a new, shared existence, where their distinct identities contribute to a larger, cohesive whole.

Relation to Other Verses

• Genesis 2:24: This is the direct source text quoted by Jesus, establishing the original divine blueprint for marriage.
• Matthew 19:6: Immediately following this verse, Jesus states, "So they are no longer two, but one flesh. Therefore what God has joined together, let no one separate." This reinforces the permanence and divine authority of the marital union.
• 1 Corinthians 7:10-11: Paul discusses marital relations and the prohibition against separation, referencing Jesus' teaching on the indissolubility of marriage.
• Ephesians 5:22-33: This passage extensively uses the marital union as an analogy for the relationship between Christ and the Church, emphasizing love, sacrifice, and unity.
• Mark 10:6-9: This parallel passage in Mark also records Jesus' affirmation of Genesis 2:24 regarding marriage.